Narrative Reviews
Cardiorenal Syndrome
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General
General
- Girombelli. Acute cardio-renal and Reno-Cardiac syndromes in critical care. Eur J Intern Med 2026;epublished July 30th
- Zhao. Cardiorenal syndrome: clinical diagnosis, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025;46(6):1539-1555.
- Zoccali. A New Clinical Entity Bridging the Cardiovascular System and the Kidney: The Chronic Cardiovascular-Kidney Disorder. Cardiorenal Med. 2025;15(1):21-28
Background
Pathophysiology
- Chen. Unraveling the complexities of cardiorenal syndrome: epigenetic and post-translational modification perspectives. Clin Epigenet. 2026;epublished August 12th
- Wei. Decoding cardiorenal crosstalk: Intercellular communication mechanisms and therapeutic insights in cardiorenal syndrome. iScience. 2026;29(7):115848
- Aletras. The Role of Chloride in Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Practical Review. J Clin Med 2025;14(15):5230
- Montomoli. Addressing Renal Sodium Avidity in Chronic Heart Failure: There Is Always More than One Way to Skin a Cat. Cardiorenal Med. 2025;15(1):399-412.
- Laham-Karam. Cell-Specific Targeting of the Endothelium in the Cardiorenal Syndrome. Cardiorenal Med. 2024;14(1):129-135.
Metabolic Dysfunction
Conditions
Preserved Ejection Fraction
Congenital Heart Disease
Monitoring & Investigations
General
Biomarkers
Imaging
- Khin. Imaging of congestion in cardio-renal syndrome. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2025;22(1):10
- Koratala. Hepatocardiorenal Syndrome: Integrating Pathophysiology with Clinical Decision-Making via Point-Of-Care Ultrasound. Cardiorenal Med. 2025;15(1):184-197.
- Barone. Renal Arterial and Venous Doppler in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Pathophysiological and Clinical Insights. Biomedicines. 2024;12(6):1166.
Therapies
Devices
- Giorgi. Device-based therapies for cardiorenal syndrome: A comprehensive, mechanism-driven framework for next-generation decongestion. Eur J Intern Med 2026;151:106961
- Dauw. Device therapies in cardiorenal syndrome: an expert review. ESC Heart Failure 2026;13(4):xvag195
- Martens. Emerging Individualized Approaches in the Management of Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome With Renal Assist Devices. JACC: Heart Failure 2023;11(10):1289-1303
Diuretics
- Aletras. Diuretic resistance in cardiorenal syndrome: mechanisms, monitoring and phenotype-tailored management. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2026;12:1731305
- Tran. A Pragmatic Approach to Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Diagnostic Strategies and Targeted Therapies to Overcome Diuretic Resistance. J Clin Med. 2025;14(9):2996.
Last updated September 13th, 2026